A Redundantly Actuated Chewing Robot Based on Human Musculoskeletal Biomechanics: Differential Kinematics, Stiffness Analysis, Driving Force Optimization and Experiment
Human masticatory system exhibits optimal stiffness, energy efficiency majicontrast red and chewing forces needed for the food breakdown due to its unique musculoskeletal actuation redundancy.We have proposed a 6PUS-2HKP (6 prismatic-universal-spherical chains, 2 higher kinematic pairs) redundantly actuated parallel robot (RAPR) based on its muscul